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Circulating Testosterone consists of testosterone bound to SHBG and the bioavailable (Free & Bound to Albumin). The latter is biologically active. In men approximately 40% of Total testosterone is albumin bound while in women approximately 20% is albumin bound. Free testosterone can be used as second-level test for suspected increases or decreases in physiologically active testosterone. This test helps to assess androgen status in cases with suspected or known Sex hormone-binding globulin-binding abnormalities; assesses functional circulating testosterone in early pubertal boys and older men; assesses functional circulating testosterone in women with symptoms or signs of hyperandrogenism but normal total testosterone levels.
This assay is useful to assess intermediate term glycemic control. Fructosamine reflects glycemic control in diabetic patients over the previous 2 to 3 weeks. High values indicate poor control.
GAD-65 antibody is useful to diagnose Insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus (IDDM), to assess risk for development of IDDM, to predict onset of IDDM and risk of development of related endocrine disorders like Thyroiditis.
Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) IgG is an antibody that indicates the presence of an autoimmune condition. It’s a marker for type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune disorders.
A diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus is made if fasting blood glucose exceeds 126 mg/dL and / or 2 hour post load glucose exceeds 200 mg/dL.
