Leptin is an adipocyte derived hormone that is essential for normal body weight regulation. Leptin production is under neuroendocrine control and the serum concentrations vary directly with the amount of triglycerides stored in adipose tissue depots.
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the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) test, also known as Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), is a blood test that measures how long it takes for blood to clot, assessing the function of certain blood clotting factors in the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
What it measures:
The aPTT/PTT test measures the time (in seconds) it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample after specific reagents are added.
Why it’s used:
It helps evaluate a person’s ability to form blood clots appropriately and can be used to:
Monitor the effectiveness of heparin, a blood-thinning medication.
Detect bleeding or clotting disorders.
Identify deficiencies in certain blood clotting factors.
How it’s performed:
A blood sample is drawn, and the time it takes for the blood to clot is measured in seconds.
What the results mean:
A prolonged aPTT/PTT result (longer clotting time) may indicate a deficiency in one or more clotting factors, or the presence of a bleeding disorder, or the effect of heparin.
A shorter-than-normal aPTT/PTT result (faster clotting time) can also occur and may indicate a higher risk of blood clots.
Other names:
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), Kaolin-cephalin clotting time (KCCT).
Related tests:
Prothrombin time (PT) test, which measures a different part of the clotting system
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The postprandial blood sugardetermines the glucose concentration 2 hours after having breakfast/ lunch. Blood sugar levels usually begin to rise 10-15 minutes after a meal and reach their peak after an hour. The pancreas produces the hormone insulin, which aids in the absorption of sugar from the bloodstream into the body cells. This test is used to assess how the body reacts to sugar and starch after eating a meal. Doctors recommend this test if your blood sugar continues to be excessively high or extremely low. Blood sugar levels in people who do not have diabetes normally return to normal within 2 hours.
Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) is the amount of glucose in your blood after you eat. It’s an important indicator of your overall health and how well your body processes food.
What’s normal?
For non-diabetics, fasting blood sugar levels are usually between 70–110 mg/dL
For non-diabetics, PPBS levels usually peak around 60 minutes after eating and return to normal within 2–3 hours
What’s important?
PPBS levels are especially important for people with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes
Consistently high PPBS levels can be a sign of type 2 diabetes
How do I measure my PPBS?
You can get a PPBS test, which involves fasting for at least 8 hours and then eating a standardized meal
Two hours after eating, a doctor will take a blood sample to measure your PPBS
What can I do to control my PPBS?
Check your blood sugar levels before and after eating
Aim for a PPBS level under 140 mg/dL
Make lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet
Take medications, such as diabetes medications or supplemental insulin
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