Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR, also known as Gonorrhoea PCR, is a test that uses a sample (like a urine or swab) to detect the presence of the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. This test is highly sensitive and specific, meaning it can accurately identify the bacteria and distinguish it from other microorganisms, according to Phadke Labs.
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
What it is:
PCR is a molecular testing technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences, making them detectable and allowing for identification of the bacteria.
Why it’s used:
PCR is considered a highly sensitive and accurate test for diagnosing gonorrhoea, which is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
How it works:
A sample is taken from the affected area (e.g., urethra, cervix, rectum) and the DNA is extracted. Then, PCR is used to amplify a specific gene sequence from the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria.
What it detects:
A positive result indicates the presence of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA, suggesting a current infection.
When it’s recommended:
PCR testing is often recommended for individuals who may be at risk for gonorrhea, including those with symptoms, those who have multiple partners, and those in certain high-risk groups.
Important Considerations:
False-negative results:Can occur due to improper specimen collection, technical errors, or concurrent antibiotic therapy.
Co-infection:PCR can often be paired with a Chlamydia test as both STIs are commonly found together.
Confirmation:Positive results may be confirmed by repeat testing or culture in some cases,
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Neurotropic B group vitamins play crucial roles as coenzymes in the nervous system. Particularly Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) & Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) contribute essentially to the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. Vitamin B1 acts as a site-directed antioxidant; Vitamin B6 balances nerve metabolism; Vitamin B12 maintains myelin sheaths.Their importance is highlighted by many neurological diseases related to deficiencies in one or more of these vitamins. Deficiencies of these vitamins can occur mainly in elderly individuals, diabetics, alcoholics, dialysis patients, patients with gastrointestinal diseases etc. and may lead to neurological disturbances e.g. Peripheral neuropathy. On the other hand neurological adverse effects like ataxia, sensory neuropathy etc. have been demonstrated with long-term or high dose use of these vitamins specially Vitamin B6
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N-terminal precursor of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are released from myocardial cells in response to volume expansion and increased wall tension. They are well established rule-out tools for cardiac disease in unselected communities. NT-proBNP value <125 pg/mL excludes cardiac dysfunction with a high level of certainty in patients presenting with dyspnea. As the value increases heart failure becomes more likely. NT-proBNP levels are correlated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes for CHF. However, the role of natriuretic peptides extends beyond heart failure diagnosis; it is a clinical support tool in risk stratification & management in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Recent studies have shown that it can also be used for Cardiovascular risk assessment in asymptomatic patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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